Legal issues for business managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legitimate issues for business supervisors - Essay Example The convention is of most extreme significance where there has been a guarantee to play out a demonstration in future. These are the sort of agreement that are supposed to be executory in nature. In the event that there has been a simple guarantee to play out a demonstration it would possibly be enforceable if is by method of a deed. (Mckendrick 2009). The meaning of thought was given on account of Currie v Misa1 which rotate around the idea of advantage being given to the individual who made the guarantee (the promisor), or a burden to the individual to whom the guarantee was made. In this way disadvantage or advantage as indicated would do the trick in order to make a guarantee enforceable. This definition has been dangerous in cases where the agreement is executory was an entirety. Be that as it may, the definition has been seen as befuddling and subsequently it has been said that so as to determine the issue of thought the commonality in the understanding ought to be investigated and thought assessed immediately. (Poole 2010). The principal imperative of thought is that it must be adequate and need not be sufficient, that is it is indeed considered by courts as being fit for being thought. The sufficiency isn't considered as a result of the way that the courts don't wish to meddle where the gathering just went into an awful deal (Thomas v Thomas)2 this is what is known as the guideline of ‘freedom of contract’ (Chappell v. Nestle)3. In any case, there have been time when it has been discovered that thought which has no monetary worth won't be adequate and subsequently won't do the trick as thought. (White v. Bluett)4 (Atiyah et al 2006) Existing commitment which emerges because of activity of law and isn't identified with any agreement that is no agreement has been made for extra administrations is held not be enforceable as there is no thought or to be increasingly exact in light of open strategy

Filtration Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Filtration - Term Paper Example There are a few strategies through which the filtrate incited may move through the channel medium. This might be by gravity (hydrostatic head), pressure being applied upstream of the channel medium, diminished weight or vacuum being applied downstream the channel medium or through radiating sedimentation. (b) Filtration system This might be through cake or explaining filtration. Cake filtration is the point at which the strong gets halted at the outside of the channel medium where it heaps upon each other to shape a cake. Otherwise called profundity or channel medium filtration, explaining filtration is the point at which the solids get caught inside the pores of the channel medium. (c) By objective The target of the filtration procedure might be either dry solids or explained fluid or both. The filtration procedure might be either discontinuous or persistent. When ordering channels, they are first partitioned into either cake or explaining channels. They are then grouped relying upo n the main thrust and afterward at last into either bunch or consistent classes. Ceaseless filtration testing and scale up In constant filtration, it is first expected that the opposition of both the channel fabric and the channel seepage is irrelevant when contrasted with the obstruction of the channel cake. It is likewise accepted that both explicit cake obstruction and weight drop stay steady all through the filtration procedure. ... Cake release A useful channel application is one which delivers a cake that is sufficiently thick to release. There are least worthy cake thicknesses that are required for release for different sorts of filtration frameworks and release components. Consequently, when running little scope tests, the experimenter ought to choose right on time during the test program the material sort of release afterward tailor the information gathered such that it will fit the physical prerequisites of that unit type. Feed slurry temperature An expansion in the feed slurry temperature diminishes the thickness of the fluid stage. The general consequence of this is an expansion in the filtration rate and an abatement in the cake dampness content. Cake thickness control At times, the pace of cake development with base feed type channels might be fast enough so that it makes a cake that is unreasonably thick for resulting tasks. The cake thickness can be balanced by essentially changing the scaffold squar es found in the channel valve in order to diminish the powerful submergence, through decrease of the slurry level in the tank, and furthermore by lessening the vacuum level in the part where the cake structures. Delegate tests It is basic for the example to be utilized as the agent of the slurry in full scale plants to be tried under the conditions winning all the while. In the event that the slurry has a temperature that is not quite the same as the surrounding temperature, ensuing warming or cooling may change the appropriation of the molecule size. The age of the example may likewise impact the molecule size essentially. On the off chance that an impact is likely, the seat scale testing ought to be at the research center site or at the plant on

A quick plug

A quick plug It had been quite a while since I looked at MITs online Hack Gallery. But now, I look, and I notice that while they arent completely up to date, theyve made a lot of updates to the timeline, and to the writeups for some of the hacks, since the last time I went to the site. Well done, folks! For the curious, there are other sources of information about hacks at MIT, including Nightwork and other books and articles. Poll of my readers: Whats your favorite MIT hack? I know its awesome, but please dont everybody say the taking of Caltechs Fleming Cannon. I have a fondness for, among others, the Wright Flyer, which happened during my freshman year. Other hack-related entries on my blog include: I feel the need, the need for speed! (mostly about Six Flags New England, but also has pictures of the Harry Potter-esque lightning bolt scar on the Great Dome) Hacks and meta-hacks (an MIT map gets modified to include the locations of famous hacks) MIT wins the gold (when the Great Dome won an Olympic gold medal) MIT hacks Caltech (the cannon) This was meant to be written a week and a half ago (about when Caltechs Fleming House came for the cannon)

Lord of the Flies by William Golding - 610 Words

What is to be considered good and evil is a common debate in modern day society. But furthermore, what is stronger, good or evil is the more contradictory question. In reality, good and evil co-exist and without one the other cannot exist. Although, many see evil as being weak and powerless, evil is stronger than good because it is harder to overcome, antagonists often have a higher impact on the protagonist and because good is dependent on evil. Many say, good is stronger than evil because being considered â€Å"good† is the more supported direction to go. For example, in the movie, Zero Dark Thirty, -----,------ and ------, wanted to have a counter attack on Osama Bin Laden for the evil he had brought into the world. The characters were considered ‘the good guys’ and were looked at as heroes because they finally found the antagonist Abu Akmad and Osama Bin Laden ultimately killing them and attacking them. In this case good, overcame evil as a result of the United States, a big population of â€Å"the good guys† supporters supported their mission. Although good conquered evil in the end of the film, they conquered Al Queda on a much smaller level. To be considered ‘strong’ you need to make sure the protagonist is weaker than the antagonist. Even though good sometimes wins in the end, evil is difficult to completely overcome. Evil is easily confused with good. In the book, The Crucible, evil takes over Abigail Williams. Abigail serves as the spark of hate in the play. SheShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jack is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in or der to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards theirRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as the y have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link together

Scientific Theories Are Not Random Guesses - 894 Words

Growing up, I have been taught to believe that the universe was first created by God and that all of mankind shared that same ancestors, Adam and Eve. However, if one’s belief is that of science, then they probably believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution which states all organisms originated from microscopic organisms who have changed and been modified over time. However, whatever your theory may be, it is only plausible if it accurately describes an observation and makes definite predictions about the results of future observations. As the National Academy of Sciences explains, a scientific theory is â€Å"a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence† (Scientific). Scientific theories†¦show more content†¦They thought if we are nothing more than an animal, how can we be God s special creation? Most American Protestants considered the Bible to be the literal truth. The Bible borrows from science observations, and religion is what gives us the reason to pursue science. Universe was made from a god that was already here. Creationist disagree with the theory of evolution because, similar to the theory of gravity, they are just theories. Newton believed the same law controlling falling apples must also control the movement of the planets. However, when he was asked what gravity is, he was unable to answer the question. So creationist questioned whether or not gravity was really God. They figured if it is an unknown force that no one has seen before, it had to the power of God. They came to this conclusion because like gravity, we have never seen God, it could only make sense to them that God is gravity. There is a confusion between science and faith. The misconception is that the creation of Darwin’s theory led the scientific and theological communities need to take up positions opposing each other. But history reveals that one of the earliest supporters of evolutionary theory in the American scientific community was a devout Christian botanist named Asa Gray. Gray argued that â€Å"divine guidance might somehow channel the course of natural selection† (Zimmer). He believed that faith is their belief,Show MoreRelatedCreation: Scientifically Proven? Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthere was, can it be scientifically proven? With this concept in mind scientist can make a new set of theories in Macroevolution, which is the study of evolution in large portions such as the universe. With this, we find all sorts of ideas but no proven answers, as there is small evidence to the beginning of the world. We can use theories to answer creation or deny it, for religious science theories are different from atheist perspective. Religious science has a reason and more evidence tied to theRead MoreEvaluate the Ways in Which Emotion Might Enhance and/or Undermine Reason as a Way of Knowing1664 Words   |  7 Pagesmakes us more vulnerable to temptations, without thinking of the outcome/consequence. They can cloud our judgment, leading to irrational external behavior, however, emotion is not all bad, and is what drives us to do so many things, like making scientific discoveries, perseverance to lose weight, no matter how tired you feel. Emotions consist of passions, moods, perceptions and senses which create internal feelings that are sometimes expressed externally. Reason is part of formal logic, and pureRead MoreThe Bible s Version Of How The World1756 Words   |  8 Pagesother scientific theories like the Big Bang Theory has sparked a debate about the origin of humans/animals, the beginning of the universe, and the existence of a god. By interpreting the Bible’s passages a little bit differently, looking at how God might use evolution, and showing how religion and science show different things, this debate can be put to rest. I believe science and religion do not contradict one another; rather they complement each other. It is hard to say that a scientific theoryRead More Must Christians Chose Between Evolution and Creationism? Essay3322 Words   |  14 Pagessimple as these two opposing views. Each person seems to have formed their own theory which has a unique list of beliefs and dimensions. This makes a complex and difficult task when trying to find agreement between each of these unique theories. However, many Christians are finding it necessary to discover an alternative to the extremist views of evolution and creationism. An article on the world wide web entitled the Theory of evolution vs. creation, summarizes the debate between evolution and creationismRead MoreEssay on Creativity3954 Words   |  16 Pages Where the best of thought Father said clings like dead ivy vines upon old dead brick. Not Harvard then. Not to me, anyway. Again. Sadder than was. Again. Saddest of all. Again. (Faulkner 95). At first glance, the incomplete sentences, and the random word order in parts render the reader confused and unsure of how to comprehend the passage. However, when one thinks about something, or internalizes an experience, one doesnt normally think in complete, coherent sentences. Words flash into the mindRead MoreARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE6331 Words   |  26 Pagesmanipulation o 7.6 Perception o 7.7 Social intelligence o 7.8 Creativity o 7.9 General intelligence ï‚ · VIII : Tools o 8.1 Search optimization o 8.2 Logic o 8.3 Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning o 8.4 Neural Networks o 8.5 Control Theory o 8.6 Languages ï‚ · IX : Philosophy ï‚ · X : Applications of Artificial Intelligence ï‚ · XI : Conclusion ï‚ · XII : References ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · I II III IV V VI VII I: Abstract At the beginning of the Stone Age, when people startedRead MoreEssay on Enlightenment and the Death of God3443 Words   |  14 Pagesthe denial of God even if He does exist, is much more logical and coherent than the atheistic assumptions of science, but both rest on Enlightenment presuppositions. THE PRESUPPOSITIONAL NATURE OF MODERN ATHEISM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is easy to see that scientific atheism is assumed as a presupposition rather than established as some sort of conclusion. The empiricism that Enlightenment science stressed so much is incapable of proving or disproving the metaphysical existence of God, but it has displaced HimRead MoreData Analysis and Interpretation by Victor J. Schoenbach11947 Words   |  48 Pages(e.g., nonresponse, refusal, and attrition, comparison groups) 4. Estimate measures of frequency and extent (prevalence, incidence, means, medians) 5. Estimate measures of strength of association or effect 6. Assess the degree of uncertainty from random noise (â€Å"chance†) 7. Control and examine effects of other relevant factors 8. Seek further insight into the relationships observed or not observed 9. Evaluate impact or importance Preparatory work – Data editing In a well-executed study, the dataRead MoreFda Policies5132 Words   |  21 Pagesoften have multiple audiences. The FDA’s reputation is no exception; it has scientific, political, and popular facets. FDA officials want good press (or no bad press) in the news media but also want to preserve a reputation for scientific rigor among academics and medical professionals. As Alison Lawton, a long-time FDA observer, noted: â€Å"The FDA is very responsive to what I would call ‘opinion leaders’ in the scientific and medical communities. It cares very much about what these people think asRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesReasoning ........................................................................................... 409 Generalizing from a Sample ............................................................................................................. 409 Random Sample ............................................................................................................................. 412 xi Sample Size .......................................................................................

Dance Appreciation Free Essays

Introduction Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev commonly known as Serge outside Russia, was a Russian promoter, ballet impresario and art critic. He was the founder and patron of the Ballets Russes, which is credited with producing many famous dancers and choreographers. Sergei is remembered all over the world as one of the greatest ballet personalities that have ever lived. We will write a custom essay sample on Dance Appreciation or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was born on March 31, 1872 in Russia in an affluent family with a history in music. He initially studied law at the University of St. Petersburg but would later take singing lessons. However, he never was a big success as a singer as his voice was unpleasant. Though he neither composed nor choreographed, he was extremely able to pick those who had the talent. He died on August 19, 1929 having left an indelible imprint in the world of music and dance. Contributions Sergei cofounded and edited the World of Art, an art magazine, which became extremely popular to the lovers of art in his day. He also edited the Annals of the Imperial Theatre and transformed it, taking it a notch higher in terms of graphic design and typography though he is criticized for overrunning his budget. However, these two magazines remained very popular in the world of art during his tenure as the editor. His greatest brainchild, Ballets Russes, became instrumental in popularizing ballet throughout Europe. It is through this group’s productions that ballet became a fundamentals part of the European culture. Apart from popularizing the dance, the group brought into recognition some of the greatest choreographers the world has ever seen- Fokine, Nijinsky, Massine, Nijinska, and Balanchine. The composer Stravinsky was also virtually unknown and has Sergei to thank for making his genius known to the world. Conclusion Though Sergei was equally successful in collecting and exhibiting art and his ability to recognize talent in a painter was no less than in recognizing a talent in ballet, his greatest achievements will no doubt remain in revolutionizing ballet. His eye for detail and success in recognize talent will make him remain immortalized through the compositions of the Ballet Russes. The group’s effect is still felt today with former members such as George Balanchine causing ripples in the United States and Serge Lifar being as effective in Paris. Source Citation â€Å"Sergei Diaghilev. † Gay Lesbian Biography. Ed. Michael J. Tyrkus and Michael Bronski. Detroit: St. James Press, 1997. Biography In Context. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. How to cite Dance Appreciation, Essay examples

Media essay free essay sample

Ecstasy successfully uses audio codes, to enhance the sinister tone with the Intention to grasp the audiences attention and make them feel uncomfortable about the idea of drugs. The track uses non dietetic sound to highlight the themes involved in the extract, influencing the audience to subconsciously see alcohol/drugs as a negative thing. The first and last non-dietetic sound used in the extract is the sound of a heartbeat, even though the sound may be quiet, it is constantly projected throughout at a steady pace.The sound of the heartbeat can be unnerving as It Is instantly relatable to a persons health and the body, when the body Is under the Influence of drugs and alcohol the heart becomes erratic. The use of the heartbeat reminds the audience that the heart is a vital part of the body and with the use of drugs the heart is major impacted upon instantly increasing the risk of an early death. Another non-dietetic sound heard at the beginning of the extract is the sound of sirens, even though the sound is faint, it is still audible to the audience. The use of sirens connotes danger, warning and even Illegality.Whether the sirens represent the police, ambulances or even fire engines, the simple use of the non-delegate sound Is there to make the audience feel cautious. The sound of the sirens has its own sense of authority, making a statement. An additional audio code used throughout the extract was music in the background of the documentary this use of a soundtrack helps to create a tone of seriousness The tempo of the soundtrack also changes the emotion of the extract; slowing the tempo f the music and deepening the tone creates a disturbing, eerie type of music.The tone and tempo of the soundtrack varied, depending on what the Information mentioned was if the mentioned Information was more serious, the tempo would slow down and the tone of the music would deepen. This helps the audience understand the seriousness of what is said in the extract because of the way the music portrays it. More conventional types of audio codes are also used during the extract, box pops are used to show peoples opinions regarding the topic. The use of box pops makes the documentary seem more realistic to the audience, Involving the public within the extract causes the audience, to relate to what they are viewing.Also the use of box pops/ interviews makes the subject matter seem more realistic as it has real honest opinions of people living in our society. The box pop displays people of different cultures, race, age and ethnicity highlighting that drugs and alcohol affect people all over the world and people of all ages, causing it to be a pressing issue. The SE of different accents in the box pops help give the audience a subconscious idea that alcohol and drug use Is a global issue, and It Impacts of everyones lives. Another conventional type of audio code utilized in the extract is a voice over.The voice over is used in this documentary to Inform and engage the audience, with the without disruption. This typical convention is used in all types of documentary and most types of media, the way in which the voice over sp eaks is in a strong, demanding, male voice. The audience tends to feel more inclined to pay full attention o the documentary as the voice over is a strong, independent voice. Other than interviews of the public, a professional speaker was also involved in a box pop to give the documentary more credibility.With the use of a professional speaker it gives the audience reassurance that the documentary contains factual information. By including a person of a highly respected and well paid profession (such as a doctor, scientist etc. ) makes the documentary seem factual, and audiences tend to believe documentaries more if a professional appears with in them. During the extract the reflections helps create a more serious tone by using statistics, facts and his own knowledge to educate the audience regarding the matter at hand.Furthermore montages of clips also help create imagery for the audience. By using montages of clips during documentaries it displays multiple photographs and images to the audience at one time, it can also help exaggerate the importance and seriousness of why the images are being shown so quickly at the one time. As the montage included images of various tablets, needles and prescriptions it emphasizes how many various hypes of alcohol and drugs are available and the damage it can do to your body.Interfiles are also used in the extract to make the audience think about the documentary, and open their minds. Within the extract the font used in relation to the subject of drugs and alcohol is a bold font which looked similar to the font that would be used on prescriptions or on medicine bottles, this bold font makes the text stand out. The background of the screen is white in contrast to the thick black lettering, possibly resembling good and evil, innocence and delinquency, or even life ND death.Also the various sizes in which the words are displayed give t he audience an idea of the danger of each word words with a bigger font are more likely to stand out to the audiences eye, making them more memorable. All together these audio codes work to engage and entice the audience, ensuring they are captivated by what they are viewing. The layering of these techniques help the audience subconsciously absorb the facts given to them without feeling barraged with information creating a far more enjoyable viewing experience, no matter what the subject.

Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda

Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda By Maeve Maddox The first time I heard the expression al-Qaeda franchise, I ran to the dictionary. Surely, I thought, that cant be a correct use of the word franchise. The word franchise can be used with more than one meaning, of course. When we say that American women obtained the franchise in 1920, we mean that they obtained the right to vote. To enfranchise a person can mean either to confer the right to vote on a person or, in the context of servitude, to give a person his freedom. Since 1959, the noun franchise has been used with the meaning authorization by a company to sell its products or services. In 1966 it acquired the sense of commercial licensing. We speak of sports franchises, hotel franchises, and restaurant franchises. In every type of franchise, a business relationship exists in which an authorizing entity confers rights to operate some kind of business according to specified rules in exchange for a licensing fee. The noun affiliate is used in a similar way. An affiliate company is one that is related to another in a subordinate way. Koch Nitrogen Company and its affiliates are collectively one of the worlds largest producers and marketers of nitrogen fertilizers. Online marketing makes use of affiliate sellers who may promote a companys product on their websites for a percentage of its selling price, or who may sell their own products on a site owned by a large company to which they pay a percentage of their earnings. With both franchises and affiliates theres a mutually recognized and acknowledged business relationship, and money changes hands. It seems to me that the journalistic trend of referring to just any nest of terrorists as al-Qaeda affiliates or franchises is counterproductive. I understand the rationale for wanting a term that enables one to talk about copycat bombers without conveying the idea that al-Qaeda is more widespread and powerful than in fact it is. According to BBC writer John Simpson, BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner popularised the notion that, far from being a clear-cut organisation with executives and an international membership, al-Qaeda was like a franchise. Any effort to strip al-Qaeda of its bogeyman mystique is a step in the right direction, but using words that make us think of MacDonalds or Amazon.com may not be the best way to go about it. Unless a group like the one in Yemen that tried to send bombs to Chicago really is organized, funded, or sponsored by al-Qaeda, why not just call it an extremist group? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Acronym vs. Initialism5 Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

Assignment Essays

Assignment Essays Assignment Essay Assignment Essay General Education (2014-2015, First semester) Assignment 4 You are required to write a brief summary from the Journal article written by Dry. Steven Chunk Fun Hung: Civic education policy of the Hong Kong Special administrative Region: A historical and comparative analysis with theories of the state. Type of package Products will be packed in two types: 1 egg, and egg pack Cover display The back ground will be green, it illustrates for the fresh fruit. The logo of company will be on the center upper of the package. Right below is the image illustrate the product as following: (Source: http://tempered. Com/WAP-content/uploads/201 3/05/Frustrated. Jpg) And other details of the product like weight, expire date Ingredients and Nutrition facts will be displayed in the back of the pack. Ingredients Potatoes, Salad powder, Vegetable oil (sunflower, corn, and/or Canola oil), fruit seasoning (kiwi, strawberry, blackberry, grape, apple), Pricing strategy The new product will apply the price skimming strategy; it means that the many will set the price for this new product higher than the current products to get the maximum profit for the premium layer of customer and the exclusive features of the product then after a period the price will reduce to the average price of the same category product. The reason to apply this strategy is that base on the market research the aimed target customers are baby boomers. According several reports showed that baby boomers spending power is approximately $1 trillion. (Lamb, Joseph F. Hair, McDaniel, Captor, Appleby, Shearer, 2013). The research also pointed out snack is one of their favorite food and they will spend money for the special and healthier product. Thus, apply this strategy allow the company get the returns faster as well as satisfy the demand of target customers. The place to sell the products. Base on the research we can obviously see that baby boomers often shop at smaller upscale grocery, so these places such as Shoppers will be the most priority to put the new product in, the company also sell the new product at super market like Wall-Mart, Inferior, Fresco Moreover, the stores at gas taxation are suitable to sell the product because it is convenient for customer take a minute to buy on the way going home or go to work. Promotion There are top three promotion programs that the company should apply to boost the sales revenue of the products: Buy two get free one, lucky draw, and gift voucher for loyal customers. The first promotion program is that if anyone buys two large packages will get one small package for free. This program will encourage people buy more, so the sales revenue will be increased. In the second program, in every packages of product will include a icky draw ticket, the special prize is an Phone 6 plus. With the attractive prize will also make people have motivation to buy more. In the third program, every customer bring 1 00 empty packages of the product to the nearest grocery can exchange a free shopping voucher to buy goods at some super market such as Walter, inferior. This program could stimulate customer buy more, and the most important thing is that by keeping the empty package the customer will remember the brand name of the product and this can help the company promote it to a mass of customer. Bibliography Jeanie Fernando, L.

EconomicsSupply Chain Market conditions in Azerbaijan and how it Research Proposal

EconomicsSupply Chain Market conditions in Azerbaijan and how it affects ability to get and pay labor - Research Proposal Example (Maharramov, 2003). Recently, Azerbaijan has witnessed solid economic growth over the last 5 years. This growth has been driven by domestic demand including non-oil private investments, public investments, government expenditures, consumption expenditures or households and oil exports. Real GDP has also witnessed tremendous growth owing to growth in the non-tradables sectors including transportation, construction, and public utilities. The capacity constraints however did not enable the supply to grow as rapidly as demand leading to inflationary pressures. The objective of this paper is to provide a discussion of the labour cost drivers, labour demand drivers, and labour supply drivers in Azerbaijan. According to macroeconomic theory the wage rate usually depends on the price level. The higher the price level the higher will be the real wage rate demanded by workers. Azerbaijan is currently suffering from high rates of unemployment. As a result the wage rates are very low. According to the Human Development and Central Unit (HDCU) and European and Central Asia Region (ECAR) (2005) a vast majority of people in the city of Mingachevir an Industrial city have become redundant as a result of lack of demand for products, which has culminated in production stoppage, bankruptcy, liquidation and corporate restructurings. This has driven the wage rates to very low levels. Based on this one can say that a major determinant of labour cost on Azerbaijan is the demand. The demand for labour in Azerbaijan is currently very low and as such people are willing to supply labour at very low wage rates. The survey by the ECAR and HDCU (2005) suggests that only 3% of the unemployed left their job vo luntarily. While some workers are not being paid at all, there is also a high degree of wage arrears.s In 2001 exports accounted for 44% of GDP in Azerbaijan with hydrocarbon products being the dominant export activities, contributing to 91.5% of total exports in 2001. The remaining share of exports consists of raw and processed food products, mechanical equipment and chemical product. (Navaretti, 2003). The largest share of imports is made of machinery for the oil industry, food products, other mechanical equipment and luxury consumer goods for the high-income part of the population. Many of the country's traditional products in the domestic market have been replaced by imports because they are unable to withstand the competition of import products. (Navaretti, 2003). Figure 1 below shows that the real wages have taken a downward trend since 2005 to record low levels over the period 2001 to 2006. The figure also indicates that the non-oil sector is lagging behind. Since imports have become higher than exports, it is likely that the country is witnessing slow growth in aggregate demand, which in turn leads to a slow down in the growth in real GDP. This in turn creates a recessionary gap, high unemployment rate and therefore low wage rates. (CFA, 2008). From the foregoing one can therefore rightly say that the wage rate in Azerbaijan depends on the growth in Aggregate demand which has a multiplier effect on the price level, real GDP growth, and therefore wage rates. Figure 1 3. Labour Demand Drivers in Azerbaijan Macroeconomic theory posits that the demand for labour depends on three factors. These include the price of the firm's output, other factors and technology. The higher the price of the

Comparative politics research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Comparative politics research project - Essay Example In the last twenty seven years Brazil has made itself well known for its participatory institutions. The Brazilian economy has been going through a phase of boom and a big section of the population has moved above the poverty level and entered the middle class. Towards the beginning of this paper I shall discuss the economic situation in Brazil in the early years of the twentieth century when there was military regime. The process of urbanization had started to take place in the final years of the military authoritarian rule. The condition of the poorest section of the population was grave since they were suppressed and neglected. In the later part of the paper I shall elaborate on the living conditions of the poor, which has improved gradually since the democratization. But before moving into the discussion of the main issues presented in this paper, I shall briefly discuss a few terms, the understanding of which is important for the reading of this paper. This paper deals with the process of democratic transition in Brazil and addresses the question whether the incidence of reduction of poverty in Brazil is directly correlated with democratization in the country. Literature review Numerous researches have been conducted about the economic situation of Brazil and its democracy and it is evident that there is an economic link but none has specifically given conclusive evidence of the democracy link to poverty and its correlation. According to a report by the Network of Democracy Research Institutes (NDRI, 2006), Brazil is one of the Latin American countries that has fought poverty after its democratization and hence indicating a link between poverty and democratization. The same link is supported by Fukuyama, Diamond and Plattner (2012) who discuss the relationship in detail and sheds more light into there being a relationship between the two in Brazil. According to a paper by Avritzer, with the onset of democracy the poor could take part in the decision making mechanism of the country which improved the representation of their interests in the policies set. It helped them to have greater access of the public goods leading to better living conditions of the poor. Research Question The Democratization of Brazil took place between the years of 1985 and 1988. In 1988, the transition was finalized by enacting â€Å"a new democratic constitution.†2 The Constitution framed in 1988 paved the way for certain important changes in regard to civilians’ access to social services as well as creating participatory institutions. In 2012, approximately twenty eight million people could be lifted out of severe poverty and the middle class has expanded with some thirty six million people joining the middle class3. The research question is â€Å"Is the democracy in Brazil the cause of poverty reduction?† . This paper would also deal with the other question that re-states the research question, i.e, â€Å"Is there a correlation between democracy and poverty in Brazil?† Terms involved in this paper This paper talks about the democratization of Brazil and the consequent reduction of poverty in the country. By democracy we imply â€Å"a political regime with free competitive elections , without major prescriptions and with universal adult suffrage†4. In a democratic country the citizens enjoy â€Å"freedom of speech and the press, freedom of political association, and individual civil rights†

Examination of the Cardiovascular System

Examination of the Cardiovascular System The child should be undressed appropriately to the waist. In the older child, the examination easily performed with the patient sitting over the edge of the bed or even on a chair. Preferably, examine the younger child on the parents lap. Removing a toddler from his parents is less likely to yield good clinical signs and more likely to yield a screaming child. For examination of femoral pulses, the child should be in the supine position. Warm your hands by rubbing them against each other. STEPS OF THE TASK You should use the middle three fingers of your dominant hand to palpate the pulses against the underlying bone. The finger tips are used for palpation as they have maximum sensitivity. While palpating, the artery is stabilized by the proximal and distal fingers and the thrust of the pulse is felt by the middle finger. Partial occlusion of the artery by the distal finger improves the thrust of the pulse wave on the middle finger. Palpate all the pulses listed below first on the right and then on the left side. Always compare the respective pulses on both sides except the carotids. In case of carotids, palpitating both sides can induce cerebral ischemia and can cause the patient to faint. Carotid (dont palpate both sides simultaneously) Palpated at the level of thyroid cartilage along the medial border of the sternomastoid muscle either with finger tips or thumb (left thumb for the right side and vice versa) Brachial Palpated with the elbow flexed along the medial aspect of the lower end of the arm Radial felt at the lower end of the radius on the anterior aspect of the wrist, medial to the styloid process with the patients forearm slightly pronated and wrist semiflexed Femoral (DO NOT FORGET FEMORALS) felt in the middle of the groin with the leg slightly flexed and abducted and foot externally rotated. Dorsalis pedis can be felt on the dorsum of the foot lateral to the extensor hallucis tendon in the middle third of the foot Posterior tibial felt posterior to the medial malleolus and anterior to the Achilles tendon. For assessing the pulse rate, use brachial pulse in an infant or toddler and radial pulse in older children While counting the pulse rate, count for 15 seconds and multiply by 4. But tell the examiner that ideally, you would like to count for one minute. However, if the pulse is irregular, then count for one full minute and also count the heart rate by auscultation. Rhythm while looking for the rhythm, one looks for the gap between the pulse waves and comment on their regularity. Volume This is a highly subjective sign. It describes the thrust (expansion) of the pulse wave and reflects the pulse pressure. If high volume, always check for collapsing nature. (Hold the right forearm of the patient by your hand in such a way as the radial artery is under the head of the metacarpals of our hand. Lift the patients entire upper limb vertically by 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °and feel for the sudden and exaggerated rise and fall of the pulsations of radial artery.) Character This describes the form of the wave and various types are decided by the rise, peak and waning of the wave. It is best appreciated in carotids. Radio femoral delay (femoral pulse appears following a time delay after radial suggests coarctation of aorta) POST- TASK Make sure you dont leave the child exposed. Thank the child/ parent for co operation if no further examination is planned VIGNETTE Characteristics of pulse should be described as follows Rate Rhythm Volume Character Symmetry Radio-femoral delay Rate Comment on rate as normal, tachycardia or bradycardia based on age specific heart. In general, for children over 3 years of age pulse rate >100 beats per minute is tachycardia and pulse rate Tachycardia has poor specificity and always make sure child is not anxious/ febrile before attributing significance Bradycardia in a child is usually point to underlying pathology once exercise (athletes), drug intake (Digoxin, beta blockers) is ruled out. Rhythm Reported as regular, Regularly irregular and Irregularly irregular Regular there is a normal variation of heart rate on breathing sinus arrhythmia. It is present in most children. Regularly Irregular: abnormal beats occur at regular intervals pulsus bigeminus, coupled extrasystoles (digoxin toxicity), Wenckebach Phenomenon Irregularly Irregular no specific gaps between the waves Extrasystoles are common in normal children and disappear with exercise. Atrial fibrillation is another common condition which causes an irregularly irregular pulse. Comment on the pulse deficit i.e. the difference between heart rate and pulse rate Volume High volume anemia, carbon dioxide retention or thyrotoxicosis Low volume pulse is seen in low cardiac output states. Character Slow rising and plateau (pulsus parvus et tardus) severe aortic stenosis Collapsing pulse e.g. aortic incompetence Pulsus Paradoxus- pulse is weaker or disappears on inspiration e.g. Constrictive pericarditis, tamponade, status asthmaticus Jerky pulse normal volume, rapidly rising and ill sustained.-suggestive of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Pulsus bisferiens two peaks felt during systole, seen in the presence of moderate artic stenosis and severe aortic regurgitation Pulsus alternans Pulse wave with alternate small and large waves seen in severe left ventricular failure and arrhythmias Symmetry Unequal or absent pulses may be suggestive of previous surgery e.g. Blalock-Taussig shunt, repaired coarctation, cervical rib or absent radial pulse OSCE CHECKLIST PRIOR TO THE TASK Hand washing or using alcohol rub Asks the name and age of the child, if already not told by the examiner Explains the purpose of his/ her visit and what he/ she is going to do Positions the patient appropriately TASK Uses the middle three fingers of the dominant hand to palpate the pulses Palpates all the pulses first on one side and then on the other side Compares pulses bilaterally Does not palpate the carotids simultaneously Counts the pulse rate at least for 15 seconds If pulse is irregular, then counts for one full minute and also counts heart rate Looks for Radio femoral delay While describing the pulse, comments on rate, rhythm, character, volume, symmetry and radio-femoral delay POST- TASK Makes sure that the child is not left exposed Thanks the child / parent for co operation Task: MANUAL Measurement of blood pressure PRIOR TO THE TASK Mercury sphygmomanometer should be used as aneroid sphygmomanometer loses accuracy on repeated usage. Choose the appropriate size cuff the cuff bladder should cover at least 2/3 of the length of the arm and 3/4 of the circumference . Cuff size should always be documented. Make sure that the child is calm and not crying or agitated Child can be either seated or in the supine position Any clothing over the arm should be removed THE TASK The convention is to measure BP in the right arm in a calm but awake subject. If conditions differ from this they should be documented with the reading. The elbow should be supported and flexed and should be at the level of the heart. The cuff is wrapped around the upper arm with the bladder centered over the middle of the arm. Approximate estimation of the systolic blood pressure is done initially by inflating the cuff fully and then deflating slowly and smoothly while palpating the radial pulse. Systolic blood pressure is noted at the point when the radial pulse returns. Following this, the blood pressure is recorded by auscultatory method which is the more accurate measure. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is placed over the brachial artery along the medial aspect of the lower end of the arm below the edge of the cuff. The cuff should be inflated to 30 mm above the palpatory systolic blood pressure and then deflated slowly and smoothly at the rate of 2-3 mmHg per second. Systolic blood pressure is recorded at the point when clear, repetitive tapping sounds are just heard. Diastolic blood pressure is recorded when the sounds disappear. In some children, instead of disappearing, the sounds muffle first before disappearing. In this case, the value at which the sounds muffle should be recorded as the diastolic pressure if the difference between the point of muffling and disappearance of the sounds is greater than 10 mmHg. POST- TASK Make sure you do not leave the child exposed. Thank the child/ parent for co operation if no further examination is planned While interpreting the readings, the state of the child should be taken into account. Values should be compared to normal values with reference to the age/height and sex of child. VIGNETTE In infants, instead of radial, brachial pulse should be palpated. Sometimes, auscultation can be difficult in infants in which case systolic pressure by palpation should be documented. If measuring a lower limb pressure, the same cuff can be applied to the lower leg and a foot pulse palpated. It is advisable to measure the blood pressure in both upper and lower limbs. When coarctation is suspected, it is imperative that blood pressure is recorded in both arms and one leg. The same should be done is cases of hypertension and in those who have had shunt surgeries as in Blalock Shunt. While recording blood pressure in the lower limb, a larger appropriate size cuff should be used and auscultation is done over the popliteal artery. The sounds which are heard while auscultating are called as Korotkoffs sounds and has five phases. Phase 1 is the first heard clear, tapping sound, phase 2 is intermittent murmur like sound, phase 3 is the loud tapping sound, phase 4 is the muffling of sounds and phase 5 is disappearance of the sounds. Occasionally, the sound might disappear after the Korotkoff sound phase 1 before reappearing later. This auscultatory gap can lead to either underestimation of the systolic blood pressure (if prior estimation of blood pressure by palpation is not done) or overestimation of diastolic blood pressure is the auscultation is not continued till the end. In atrial fibrillation, phase 4 of Korotkoff sound should be used for recoding diastolic blood pressure. Pulsus paradoxus is best appreciated while recording blood pressure by auscultation and is identified by recording the value at which the tapping sounds are heard only during expiration and the value at which the sounds are heard both during inspiration and expiration. When the difference between the two values is greater than 10 mmHg, pulsus paradoxus is said to be present. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. A weak pulse is associated with narrow pulse pressure and is seen in cardiac failure, shock, aortic stenosis and constrictive pericarditis. Pulse pressure is wide in aortic regurgitation, hyperthyroidism, anemia and febrile states. OSCE CHECKLIST PRIOR TO THE TASK Washes hands or uses alcohol rub Explains the purpose of his/ her visit and what he/ she is going to do Positions the patient appropriately Chooses mercury sphygmomanometer Chooses the appropriate size cuff Removes any clothing over the arm TASK Supports the elbow and keeps it at the level of the heart. Wraps the cuff around upper arm with the bladder centered over the middle of arm Estimates systolic blood pressure by palpatory method Uses brachial pulse in infants for palpatory method Estimates systolic blood pressure by auscultatory method Uses diaphragm of the stethoscope for auscultation POST- TASK Makes sure that the child is not left exposed Thanks the child / parent for co operation Records blood pressure as estimated by palpatory and auscultatory method including the site and the position of the child Interprets the blood pressure Task: Evaluation of jugular venous pulse PRIOR TO THE TASK The room should be adequately lit for the assessment of jugular venous pulse The patient should be in semi-reclining position with the trunk at 45à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° to the bed. The head and the back should be well supported with a pillow under the head. The head should be positioned in the midline THE TASK Stand on the right side of the patient and assess the jugular venous pulse. The torch should be shined from the left in an oblique direction and the jugular pulsation is observed Jugular venous pulse is located just lateral to the clavicular head of the sternomastoid muscle. Pulsations of the jugular veins should be differentiated from the carotid pulsations as discussed below. The jugular venous pressure is assessed by measuring the vertical distance between the top of the jugular venous pulsations and the sternal angle (angle of Louis). In cases where the top of the jugular pulsations is not visible at 45à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °, increasing the reclining angle up to 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° can make the top of the pulsations obvious. The assessment is done when the child is breathing quietly Look for hepato-jugular reflex. This performed by exerting firm and sustained pressure on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and looking for an elevation in the jugular venous pressure by 2-3 cm. POST- TASK Make sure you do not leave the child exposed. Thank the child/ parent for co operation if no further examination is planned VIGNETTE Assessment of jugular venous pressure is rarely important in the younger child. It is also difficult to obtain an accurate reading because of the short neck in children It can be generally measured easily if the child is greater than 10 years Jugular Venous Pulsation Carotid Pulsation Pulse lateral to sternomastoid Pulse medial to sternomastoid Better seen Better felt Multiple waves seen Single wave Abdominal pressure makes the pulsations prominent Abdominal pressure has no effect Valsalva maneuver makes the pulsations prominent Valsalva maneuver has no effect Can be obliterated with pressure Cannot be obliterated with pressure The right jugular vein is in a straight line with the right atrium and is more likely to show the pressure effects than the left jugular vein which has more tortuous course and is more likely to kinked. This can lead to false elevation of the jugular pressure. In patients with highly elevated JVP, the pulsation may be seen only below the angle of jaw. In such cases, increasing the reclining angle to 60à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° or more makes the pulsations more obvious. Turning the head slightly towards the contralateral side can make the pulsations prominent, if the pulsations are not obvious. JVP consists of a, c and v waves and x and y descent. a wave is due to right atrial contraction, c wave is due to bulging of the tricuspid valve and v wave is due to atrial filing. x descent is due to atrial relaxation and y descent results from ventricular filling and tricuspid valve opening. The sternal angle (angle of Louis) is taken as the reference point as it roughly corresponds to the middle of the right atrium. JVP is elevated in congestive cardiac failure, fluid overload, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, tricuspid stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation. Non-pulsatile elevation of JVP is seen in superior vena cava obstruction. a wave are absent in atrial fibrillation. Large a waves: are caused either by hypertrophied right atrium in response to decreased right ventricular compliance as in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary stenosis or contraction of atrium against resistance as in tricuspid stenosis. Cannon a waves are giant a waves seen in early systole and is caused by contraction of the atrium against a closed tricuspid valve. It is usually seen in complete heart block and ectopics. Large v waves are seen in tricuspid insufficiency. Sharp x and Sharp y descents are seen in constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. OSCE CHECKLIST PRIOR TO THE TASK Washes hands or uses alcohol rub Explains what he/ she is going to do Makes sure that the room is adequately lit Positions the patient in semi-reclining position with the trunk at 45à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° to the bed Supports the head with pillow to ensure relaxation of the neck Positions the head in midline TASK Stands on the right side of the patient and assesses the right jugular venous pulse. Locates the jugular pulse correctly If the jugular pulse is not obvious, then makes it obvious by turning the head slightly to the left and shines the torch from left obliquely if necessary Measures the jugular venous pressure correctly Looks for hepato-jugular reflex. POST- TASK Makes sure that the child is not left exposed Thanks the child / parent for co operation Lists the differences between carotid pulse and jugular pulse Task: general inspection of the body with reference to cardiovascular system PRIOR TO THE TASK Introduce yourself to the child and carer and ask for permission to examine For inspection, the room should be well lit. Ensure that the lights are turned on and the windows are open The child should be undressed appropriately to the waist. In older child, the examination is easiest to perform while they sit over the edge of the bed or even on a chair Examine the younger child on the parents lap. STEPS OF THE TASK LOOK GENERAL General well being Well/ Ill looking child Interest in the surroundings Sick child will not be interested Size of the child thin small, thin tall, well nourished and tall, well nourished and short. Degree of breathlessness classify as none, mild or severe Environment (Equipment) oxygen mask, nasal cannula, intravenous catheter, pulse oximetry, feeding tube/ gastrostomy, LOOK SPECIFIC Head look at the size (microcephaly or macrocephaly) and shape (dolichocephaly) Face Normal or dysmorphic features, malar flush Conjunctiva pallor, jaundice (refer chapter on general examination) Mouth Using the pen torch, take a quick look in the mouth and look for the presence of age appropriate teeth, abnormal teeth and caries. Ask the child to stick their tongue outwards and upwards towards the nose and examine the tongue for central cyanosis. Hands and fingers pallor; clubbing; polydactyly and syndactyly; Oslers nodes; Janeway lesions; splinter haemorrhages. Examine both the hands quickly. Difference in colour between limbs POST- TASK Make sure that the child is not left exposed Thank the child / parent for cooperation VIGNETTE Always think whether the findings combine to form a recognizable clinical syndrome. It is preferable to inspect the child in sunlight than in artificial light. Children with chronic cardiac conditions are usually thin and small for age. Breathlessness is classified as mild when the child has only chest recession, and there is no contraction of sternocleidomastoid or nasal flaring and severe when all three are present Microcephaly can be associated with some of the intrauterine infections and genetic disorders like congenital rubella syndrome and Edwards syndrome Dolichocephaly (increased antero-posterior diameter) is seen in ex-preterms Syndromes with dysmorphic facial features Downs syndrome almond shaped eyes (due to epicanthal folds); Brushfield spots (light colored spots in the iris); small, flat nose; small mouth with a protruding tongue; small, low set ears; round faces; flat occiput Turners syndrome prominent, posteriorly rotated auricles with looped helices and attenuated tragus; infraorbital skin creases; mildly foreshortened mandible Williams syndrome broad forehead; short nose with broad tip; full cheeks; wide mouth with full lips Noonans syndrome downwards slanting eyes with arched eyebrows; epicanthal folds; broad forehead; nose with wide base and bulbous tip; pointed chin Marfans syndrome long, thin face; deep-set eyes; down-slanting palpebral fissures; receding chin; dolichocephaly; malar hypoplasia; enophthalmos DiGeorge syndrome small ears; asymmetric facies; small mouth and chin Malar flush plum coloured malar eminences Hutchinson (conical) incisor is seen in congenital syphilis (patent ductus arteriosus) and enamel hypoplasia in Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome (atrioventricular canal, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus). Caries tooth may be a cause of infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease. In preaxial polydactyly, the extra digit is on the radial (thumb) side while in postaxial polydactyly, it is on the ulnar (little finger) side of the hand. Oslers nodes are painful, red, raised lesions found on the hands and feet and is seen in infective endocarditis Janeway lesions are nontender, macular lesions, most commonly involving the palms and soles and seen in infective endocarditis. Splinter hemorrhages appear as narrow, red to reddish-brown lines of blood that run vertically under nails. Splinter hemorrhage can be associated with infectious endocarditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and trauma OSCE CHECKLIST PRIOR TO THE TASK Washes hands or uses alcohol rub Explains what he/ she is going to do and ask for permission to examine Positions and exposes the child appropriately Makes sure that the room is adequately lit TASK Looks for the following general points General well being Interest in the surroundings Size of the child Degree of breathlessness Environment (Equipment) Looks for the following specific points Head size and shape Face Conjunctiva Mouth Hands and fingers Difference in colour between limbs POST- TASK Makes sure that the child is not left exposed Thanks the child / parent for co operation Task: INSPECTION OF THE CHEST PRIOR TO THE TASK Introduce yourself to the child and carer and ask for permission to examine For inspection, the room should be well lit. Ensure that the lights are turned on and the windows are open The child should be undressed appropriately to the waist. In older child, the examination is easiest to perform while they sit over the edge of the bed or even on a chair Examine the younger child on the parents lap. STEPS OF THE TASK Look tangentially from foot end of the bed in supine patients and from the sides in sitting patients. Look for the following and comment Shape of the Chest symmetrical or asymmetrical Symmetry of chest expansion Scars Pulsations Observe for apical impulse, parasternal, suprasternal, epigastric pulsations. Spine for scoliosis POST- TASK Make sure that the child is not left exposed Thank the child / parent for cooperation VIGNETTE Common asymmetrical chests Pectus carinatum: also called pigeon chest, deformity of the chest characterized by protrusion of the sternum and ribs. It may occur as congenital abnormality or in association with genetic disorders such as Marfans syndrome, Morquio syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 21, homocystinuria, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Pectus Excavatum: also called funnel chest, deformity of the anterior wall of the chest producing sunken appearance of the chest. It may occur in rickets, Marfans syndrome and spinomuscular atrophy. Harrisons sulcus: horizontal indentation of the chest wall at the lower margin of the thorax where the diaphragm attaches to the ribs. It may occur in conditions with increased pulmonary blood flow or chronic asthma. Scars: lateral thoracotomy scar results from closure of patent ductus arteriosus, tracheoesophageal fistula repair and Blalock Taussig shunt. Central sternotomy scar is seen after open heart surgery and lobectomy. Children can have drainage scars in epigastrium, subclavian/axillary scars from pacemakers and scars following cardiac catheterization in the groin and neck. Pulsations: Apical impulse will be shifted peripherally due to cardiomegaly, collapse of left lung or fluid in the right pleural cavity Parasternal pulsations can occur due to right ventricular enlargement or enlarged left atrium pushing the right ventricle. The most common cause of suprasternal pulsations is dilated aorta due to aneurysm or markedly increased blood flow. Epigastric pulsation may be seen in thin children, right ventricular hypertrophy and abdominal aneurysm. Scoliosis should be looked for in the standing and not in sitting position OSCE CHECKLIST PRIOR TO THE TASK Washes hands or uses alcohol rub Explains what he/ she is going to do and ask for permission to examine Positions and exposes the child appropriately Makes sure that the room is adequately lit TASK Looks tangentially from foot end of the bed in supine patients and from the sides in sitting patients Looks for the following points and comments Shape of the Chest Symmetry of chest expansion Scars Apical impulse, parasternal, suprasternal, epigastric pulsations Spine for scoliosis POST- TASK Makes sure that the child is not left exposed Thanks the child / parent for co operation Task: PALPATION OF THE CHEST PRIOR TO THE TASK Introduce yourself to the child and carer and ask for permission to examine The child should be undressed appropriately to the waist. Position the older child so that they sit over the edge of the bed or lie down on the couch Examine the younger child on the parents lap. Warm your hands for palpation STEPS OF THE TASK Be gentle with palpation Apical Impulse: Place the palm of the whole hand flat over left chest wall to get a general impression of the point of maximal impulse. Next, lay the ulnar border of the hand on the chest parallel to rib space where the impulse was felt and try to locate the apex. Finally palpate with the fingertip of the index or middle finger to localize the apical impulse and define its character. Use the left hand to palpate the carotid artery to time the apical impulse. With the finger of the right hand still in place over the apex beat, palpate the manubriosternal joint (angle of Louis) which is present just below the suprasternal notch and is felt as a prominence with the left hand. It corresponds to the second intercostal space. Slide the index finger and count down the next few intercostal spaces until you locate the intercostals space that is level with the apex beat. Look at the position of the apex with reference to the midclavicular line. If the apical impulse is not readily palpable in the supine position, ask the child to lie on their left side. If the apex beat is not still palpable, try on the right side in case of dextrocardia. Parasternal pulsation and heave: With the fingertips, palpate over the left sternal edge to find the parasternal pulsations. With the child lying in supine position, place a pencil lateral to the left sternal edge and look tangentially for lifting of the pencil. Next, place the base of your hand just lateral to the left sternal edge and palpate for a parasternal heave. If parasternal heave is present, try suppress it by exerting pressure with base of the hand. Thrills are best felt with fingertips. Time the thrill with carotid or brachial pulse. Palpate the following areas. Apex of the heart 3rd to 5th intercostal space along the left sternal border Pulmonary area (left second intercostal space) Aortic area (right second intercostal space) Suprasternal area Carotids POST- TASK Make sure that the child is not left exposed Thank the child / parent for cooperation VIGNETTE Apical impulse is the farthest inferior and lateral maximal cardiac impulse on the chest wall. It results from the heart rotating, moving forwards and striking against the chest wall during systole. Apical impulse is normally felt in the 4th left intercostal space on the midclavicular line. It may be difficult to palpate in obese children and in pericardial effusion. Displaced apex Tension pneumothorax and pleural effusion (push apex away from the lesion) Pulmonary fibrosis and collapse (pull towards the side of the lesion) Left ventricular hypertrophy apex is displaced down and out Right ventricular hypertrophy apex is displaced outwards Skeletal abnormalities Quality of apical impulse (normal apex lifts the palpating fingers briefly) Sustained (increased amplitude and duration) pressure overload (aortic stenosis) Hyperdynamic or forceful (increased amplitude but not duration) volume overload (mitral incompetence and aortic incompetence) Tapping palpable first heart sound of mitral stenosis Parasternal pulsations Palpable 2nd heart sound reflects pulmonary hypertension. Parasternal heave is present in right ventricular hypertrophy or left atrial enlargement pushing the right ventricle. There are three grades of parasternal heave Grade I heave identified by lifting of the pencil alone and not the heel of the hand Grade II easily identified, can be suppressed with pressure Grade III lifts the heel of the hand and cannot be suppressed with pressure Thrill is a palpable murmur that felt like a purring cat. While describing the thrill, describe the site and phase of cardiac cycle. When thrill is present, the accompanying murmur is by definition at least 4/6 in intensity. OSCE CHECKLIST PRIOR TO THE TASK Washes hands or uses alcohol rub Explains what he/ she is going to do and ask for permission to examine Positions and exposes the child appropriately Warms hands before TASK Palpates gently Apical Impulse Places the palm flat over left chest wall to get a general impression Keeps the ulnar border of the hand parallel to rib space Palpates with the fingertip to locate the apical impulse Palpates the carotid artery

The Importance of Improving Communication Skills in the Business World

My biggest challenge while trying to move up the corporate ladder is interpersonal communication with co-workers and presentation speeches in front of the owners and financial managers. During my childhood, I did not have the opportunity to communicate with my parents or examples of loud arguments and negative personal attacks. Humans develop language and social skills from its surroundings so I guess I can blame mine on my dysfunctional family. At least I did almost five years ago. When the Director of Finance promoted me to senior accountant, his only constructive criticism was to attend different communication courses to groom me for the Assistant Director of Finance position. The frustration of feeling misunderstood and being unable to make ourselves understood by another person is my a constant hurdle for me and considered a barrier of communication (anything that blocks the meaning of what is being said) that many humans experience. Great communication can be compared to the way we build our buildings, one brick at a time. The foundation of the house is trust and we develop trust with personal interaction not as a group. It is said that to speak effectively, a person should be open, direct and bold; however, that is what got me into these classes in the first place. The classes teach how to balance finesse and respect with boldness and direct communication. As mentioned earlier, constantly conquering and rising above the barrier of communication. To name some of the barriers that arise daily are stereotyping, language, showing approval or disapproval, and becoming defensive. In my opinion, stereotyping is the biggest obstacle amongst people. Stereoty pe is a label or typecast of another person based on an oversimplifie... ... is an important variable--if there were never any time pressures, collaboration might always be the best approach to use. In addition to time pressures, some of the most important factors to consider are issue importance, relationship importance, and relative power: †¢ â€Å"Issue importance - the extent to which important priorities, principles or values are involved in the conflict. †¢ Relationship importance - how important it is that you maintain a close, mutually supportive relationship with the other party. †¢ Relative power - how much power you have compared to how much power other party has. â€Å" (Whetten 2002) Finally, learning the importance of interpersonal communication and effectively utilizing it daily as part of my normal daily routine, the Assistant Director of Finance in a multimillion dollar hotel is mine, which has been my goal for the last five years

Tok Presentation

Why did we choose this topic? We think that knowing the past is an important thing – to understand what is happening and to prevent the â€Å"same† mistakes from the past. However, there is a slight problem in our knowledge of past. And that’s why we asked this question: †¦.. Real-life situation You might be thinking†¦why did they choose this topic? Isn’t it obvious that what we know really happened? Are they trying to show us some stupid conspiracy theories or what? So here comes the real life situation. It is no made-up situation because, unfortunately, it happened to me recently. I was reading sources for my EE. The second source I read basically overthrew/contradicted my whole research question. I am writing about a ruler in medieval Japan who brought peace which lasted 250 years and how he accomplished this peace. As I read the second source, it stated that the one that actually established the peace was not this ruler, but the one before him. With this newfound information my whole EE practically fell apart. So, I had two contradictory sources and a load of questions: How it could be possible for such a contradicting sources to exist? And how do we know which one is true and which one isn’t? Sources Okay, now let’s get back to our knowledge of past. Where do we get it from? Well, there are different sources that together help us gather our historical knowledge. We can categorize them into two groups: primary and secondary. Well, I hope you all know what primary and secondary sources are, but if you don’t let me say it really briefly. Primary sources are those that were created by people who witnessed the events that are under study and secondary are sources, which are build upon (analyze and interpret) primary ones. Now, let’s try to make a list of the sources so that we can demonstrate how some of them can become unreliable. PrimarySecondary Diaries Journal/magazine article Pottery (physical stuff)History textbook for schools LettersBook about history InterviewsEncyclopedias SpeechesReviews Documents Photographs Now that we have a list of sources, we need to think about what could possibly affect them. Those can be all four of our tools of knowledge – perception, emotion, reason and language. Using these, we? ll show you how the sources can reflect the past not very accurately. Let’s start with primary sources. What can affect them? Let’s start with written accounts and diaries. First, the writer must perceive the event. What can go wrong in perception? Well, each person perceives things selectively, according to what they expect to see, according to their emotions, culture, traditions and so on. Let’s imagine a soldier named Joe. After surviving a battle he writes a letter to his wife. I believe I do not have to mention that this letter will later become a primary source for us. It consists of many emotional sentences about the death of John, Joe’s friend, who died during the battle and there is only little information about the battle itself and its outcomes. This shows us already, that Joe perceived very little from the battle, but instead concentrated on what was happening to his friend (which is natural, but for historians that are studying the battle rather unfortunate. However, Joe describes something from the battle. He says that their enemy‘s ranks consisted of thousands of soldiers compared to their barely thousand. However, other sources from the same battle state, that the armies were equal in numbers. So, obviously, Joe exaggerated as people tend to under stress situations. But his wife will never know this bit of information Furthermore Joe writes that it was the enemy who actually provoked the battle, while source written by someone from the other side states that is was the exact opposite. So obviously nobody wants to admit to be the aggressor. This was just an example of how perception and reason can influence the given account of an event from the past. Now let’s watch a little video. I hope you know the guy that will be show in it 😉 So, what can we say about some speeches of politicians or propagandistic films or pictures? These also count as primary sources, however I think it is obvious why they cannot be very reliable. Their purpose is to manipulate and distort the truth. For us, and for historians, sometimes it might be very hard to distinguish whether something is a propaganda and manipulation of facts or whether it is not. It is essential for the historians and us to be able to distinguish what is propaganda or manipulation and what is not. Even though such sources contain manipulated information which is useless for historians who want to know the truth, they are still valuable since they help us understand the historical context of that time. Furthermore data and official documents can also contain manipulated information and that is even harder for us to see, because we tend to believe â€Å"official† things. To get back to our knowledge issue, knowledge of the past that we gain from primary sources can be inaccurate, since primary sources tend to be very subjective. But there are plenty of orimary sources, which give us an objective and therefore probably accurate account of the past, such as photographs, data and official documents (if they are not manipulated). Excluding the fact that they can be misleading, without primary sources, we would be practically lost, since it is thanks to them that we have got at least some information about the past. Secondary sources: Now let’s move to secondary sources. The most widely â€Å"used† secondary source are historians and textbooks they write. Historians are very important for us, receivers of the knowledge. Why? If we only had primary sources, we would be lost. First, they are sometimes very hard to understand (especially if they are in a language you don’t speak 🙂 and also there can be overwhelming number of them and we then might not be able to distinguish the important ones from the ones that contain no valuable information. That’s where historians come in handy. They gather the information, read through as many sources as possible, interpret the information included and then write books that should be understandable for us. But, there are several problems. The first, maybe not the obvious one, is that historians do not always get all the information they need to give an account of a particular event. It’s like a puzzle. They have many pieces, but sometimes the pieces don’t fit together or there are some pieces are missing. Then they have to throw the odd ones out and they might find out that even more pieces are missing. Then they have to fill in the gaps themselves. This â€Å"filling in the gaps† can be very dangerous, especially if the historians are biased. Quite often historians are nationally biased. They have been raised in one country along with its traditions and culture and therefore, even if they are trying their best, they are going to write the history from their country’s point of view. Another problem comes in understanding the primary sources. The main obstacle in this case is language, which might have been rather different at that time. As much as historians may try, the translation can almost never be perfect. Sometimes those are just minor mistakes that don’t matter, but in some cases, the translation might be fatal. However, we will never know whether the translation was wrong or not. Furthermore, these sources can be further translated, so we basically get a translation of translation and the source can completely lose its original meaning. To conclude and get back to our question, even though (we hope) they are trying to be as objective as they can, historians can make mistakes in â€Å"filling the gaps†, in being nationally biased and in the translation of the sources. However, their role in our knowledge of past is essential, since they put all the pieces of information into a meaningful whole. Now let’s look at us. We are the receivers of knowledge. Since our own knowledge of past is way more limited than the knowledge of historians, we are more prone to making wrong conclusions from primary sources. Because of this same factor, we might also overlook some vital points. Also, have you ever thought about checking whether a certain historian is telling the truth? Or did you just blindly believed everything he said, just because he has the title of historian? This is a typical ad hominem fallacy that we all can make. Lastly, we, similarly as historians, are nationally biased, which also â€Å"clouds† our reasoning. Final Conclusion To conclude our presentation, we should now see that we know our past only to a certain extent. It depends on the reliability and amount of the primary and secondary sources that we have. We also need to be aware of the biases or drawbacks of the primary and secondary sources in order to distinguish the biased or manipulated sources. In the future, we might have a better knowledge of past, since new and new sources are discovered every day. And, what do you think Jarka did with her EE sources? She was kinda hopeless at first, but then she decided to read the remaining sources. The rest, supported her research question (thankfully), so she could conclude (with almost 100 % certainty) which one was the one that was not true. ? Also, primary sources serve the purpose of the writer and were not written to become parts of textbooks in the future. P. S. do not have to reflect truth, but rather a ‘personal’ truth. Often we do not have written accounts from peasants and lower classes, simply because they didn? know how to write, didn? t consider it necessary, useful†¦ CONCLUSION =our knowledge of past is in many cases not the same as the past itself, because it is based on human interpretation of why and how certain events happen = also, new evidence is constantly being found and it might completely change our view of what and why happened = also new technologies are invented =thus we can say that past is stil l alive and changing†¦ = try to gather as much different sources as u can- compare them†¦ do what historians do†¦.

Mental Health Disorder Major Depressive Disorder

Mental Health Disorder: Major Depressive Disorder Christine C. Nguyen California State University, Dominguez Hills Professor Chun-Wetterau Mental Health Disorder: Major Depressive Disorder A disabling, painful, and costly mental disorder that can affect adults, teens, and children in debilitating ways; this is how Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is viewed. Depression stems from a mixture of nature and nurture; it is compiled with factors such as genetics, socio-cultural, environment, and psychology (Marsella, 2003). It is important that clinicians, social workers, health care providers, and those that provide care and service of others recognize the symptoms of MDD and know the forms of treatment for this disorder. The history of depression reaches back into ancient Mesopotamian times depression was first labeled melancholia (Nemade, Reiss Dombeck, 2007). During this period, people were certain that melancholia was caused by supernatural possession. Thus, the initial documented perception of depression was that is was a spiritual or mental sickness, and not a somatic one (Nemade, et al., 2007). The view of depression as a spiritual or mental illness stayed this way until the 19th and 20th century (Nemade et al., 2007). In 1950, scientists started looking for more organic causes of depression and divided the disorder into subtypes based on what was believed to have caused the disorder (Nemade et al., 2007). Today, MDD is commonly misinterpreted as depression,Show MoreRelatedMajor Depressive Disorder And Major Depression1540 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder and Major Depressive Episodes affect many across the country in various forms and degrees. Though many are affected by MDD/MDE most do not receive the help they need. A group that may not always be acknowledged in suffering from major depressive disorder/major depressive episodes are adolescents. Consequently, more often than not, adolescents do not receive a diagnosis or support with their struggles. Mental illness symptoms in adolescents may be dismissed for various ofRead MoreSummary Of The DSM-5877 Words   |  4 PagesThe need for a classification of mental disorders has been clear throughout the history of medicine. The American Psychiatric Association, the DSM was first published in 1984. The DSM-IV symptom criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are somewhat lengthy, many studies showing that treatment pro viders have difficulty recalling all nine symptoms (American Psychological Association, 2010). The symptom inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) have remained essentiallyRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1428 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder is defined as a â€Å"moderate-to-severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes† (Butcher, Hooley, Mineka, 2014, p. 618). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is also referred to Major Depression. MDD is also â€Å"characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents aRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder. One Of The Most Commonly Diagnosed1367 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder One of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States is Major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is defined by the National Institute of Mental Health as a common but serious mood disorder that causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleep, eating or working. For a doctor to diagnose you the symptoms must be present for a minimum of two weeks. Major depressive disorder is an umbrellaRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Depressive Disorder1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a depressive disorder? â€Å" A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It interferes with daily life, normal functioning, and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and those who care about him or her.† (Psychology Today) The term depression in psychology is more than just sadness. â€Å"People with depression may experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lack ofRead MoreEffects Of Major Depressive Disorder On Adolescents1633 Words   |  7 Pages Collin Lahr The Effect of Major Depressive Disorder on Adolescents Contemporary Health Issues Dr. Kim â€Æ' Abstract This paper researches the possible causes and mechanisms of Major Depressive Disorder amongst adolescents age 15 to 24. It’s widely believed to be a mixture of an imbalance of neurotransmitters and chemicals in the brain, psychological trauma or abuse from the past, and hereditary chromosomal similarities. There are several possible ways to attempt to fix this problem including;Read MoreThe Term Major Depressive Disorder1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The term major depressive disorder was created by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s as part of proposals for diagnostic criteria based on patterns of symptoms (Spitzer et al, 1975). MDD made its first appearance in the third edition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III) (Phillip, Maier Demo, 1991). MDD is a mental disorder characterized by an impairment of functioning in one or more areas of life due to a depressed mood and loss of interestRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder And Its Variants1615 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder and its variants Introduction The nervous system can be considered one of the most complex organ systems in the human body which is accountable for managing numerous functions that entail the overall well-being of the body. It consists of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System of which participate in voluntary and involuntary controlled functions. Detrimental effects can occur if there are issues that interfere with normal functioning of this system thatRead MoreA Brief Description of Major Depressive Disorder Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthis disorder. Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by at least two weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest in nearly all activities, along with sleep or eating disturbances, loss of energy, and feelings of hopelessness (Kosslyn, Rosenberg, 2006). This mood disorder is characterized by a depressed mood, lack of interest in activities normally enjoyed, and feeling of worthlessness. Over the course of two weeks, someone who is sufferi ng with major depressive disorder can experienceRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical And Manual Of Mental Disorders Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesDIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION Claimant s multi- axial assessment was established by using Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical and Manual of Mental Disorder. Claimant DSM-V multi- axial classification is as follows: Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features Generalized Anxiety Disorder AXIS II: Deferred AXIS III: Ewing’s Sarcoma Cancer, in remission AXIS IV: Problems Related To The Social Environment:

Overview and Examples of Asking Questions in German

When asking questions in German you can ask direct questions that elicit yes/no answers with the verb at the head. However, in this article, we will focus on the other way of questioning, that is the well-known five Ws (and one H) of questioning that is useful in gathering factual information.The five Ws (and one H) in English are: Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? These are translated into the following 6 Ws in German: Wer? Was? Wo? Wann? Warum? Wie? They usually stand at the head of the sentence followed by the verb in the second position:Wann kommt er zurà ¼ck? (When is he coming back?)Lets examine each one in more detail: Wer This is one of the two W-words (Fragewà ¶rter) that are declinable. Nominative: Wer? Who? Wer hat meinen Keks gegessen? (Who ate my cookie?)Genitive: Wessen? Whose? Wessen Buch ist das? (Whose book is this?)The genitive form wessen is not used very much anymore. Instead it has been replaced by the more popular dative - Wem gehà ¶rt dieses Buch? Accusative: Wen? Who/Whom? Wen will er heiraten? (Who does he want to marry?)Dative: Wem? Who/ To whom? Wem hast du ein Geschenk gegeben? (Whom did you give a present to?) Was Is almost identical with wer s declination Nominative: Was?Was hat die Frau gesagt? (What did the woman say?)Genitive: Wessen? Wessen wird sie angeklagt? (What is she accused of?)Accusative: Was?Was will er trinken? (What does he want to drink?)Dative: None In the German language, instead of declining was in the dative, the prepositional adverb wo(r) will be used, along with a preposition. For example:Woran denkt er? (What is he thinking of?)Womit wirst du das bezahlen? (With what -How are you paying for that?)You will often hear another version of saying such sentences, such as Mit was wirst du das bezahlen? Von was denkst du?, but it is incorrect. Wo Where should actually be translated into two words - Wo and Wohin. Unlike English which uses where for both location and the direction somebody/something is going to, German does make that distinction. You use wo when asking where the location of something is, you use wohin when asking the direction someone/something is going to. Wohin is separable. For example:Wo ist mein Handy? (Where is my cellphone?)Wo geht sie denn hin? (Where is she going (to)?)Another variation of wo is woher. This signifies from where and should be used rather than the often incorrect way of saying Von wo in the sentence Von wo kommst du? Instead say: Woher kommst du? (Where do you come from?). Tip: Wer and wo are false cognates. Just think of them as opposites from the English equivalent and youll always get it right.Wo WhereWho Wer Wann Is also not declinable, but just as in English, it will often be used with other conjunctions to specify its meaning:Seit wannSeit wann schlà ¤ft er? (Since when is he sleeping?)Bis wannBis wann bleibt deine Mutter hier? (Till when is your mother staying here?) Warum For why both the term warum and wieso can be used interchangeably. Weshalb is also used, but not as much as the first two adverbs. Wie   Wie is very straightforward. It is not declinable, doesnt have synonyms and means only one thing - how. For example:Wie lange spielst du schon Klavier? (How long have you been playing the piano?)Wie lange - How longWie oft spielst du Klavier? (How often do you play the piano?)Wie oft - How oftenWie weit ist es bis zur Musikschule? (How far is it to the music school?)Wie weit - How farWie viel kostet diese Handtasche? (How much does this handbag cost?Wie viel - How muchWie viele Punkte hat dieser Marienkà ¤fer? (How many dots does this ladybug have?)Wie viele - How many

The Conflict Of The Rwandan Genocide Under The Clinton...

In 1994, one of the most brutal genocides of all time took place in the small country of Rwanda. Over the span of approximately 100 days, 800,000 Rwandans were killed—an average of 8,000 people per day— with Tutsis being the primary target. The staggering numbers called for international intervention, yet the action taken across the world was slim. Samantha Power’s â€Å"Bystanders to Genocide† reveals that the U.S.’s handling of the Rwandan genocide under the Clinton Administration was both minimalistic and ineffective. She discusses how the U.S. made full effort to pull out all Americans and then pulled back completely on aid, put their own interests above the needs of the Rwandans, and used the history of a similar situation in Somalia to validate their reluctance to take action. Power’s article presents a strong case for why the action, or lack of action, taken by the U.S. was a poor handling of the situation, but leaves the reader with l ittle understanding of why these decisions were made. By examining the U.S.’s decisions in relation to the ideas that Dalai Lama discusses in â€Å"Beyond Religion†, the question of why can be answered. Through this lens one can see that the true reason behind their decisions is a lack of â€Å"genuine compassion†. This lacking becomes the basis of their decisions, and becomes a rational for standing by during the murder of 800,000 people. Dalai Lama defines compassion as â€Å"being genuinely concerned for others† (45). He also defines beingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jimmy Carter s The Attack Of The Elite Soldiers1361 Words   |  6 Pagesnegotiation was Jimmy Carter who acted as an intermediary because of his previous relationship with Aidid (â€Å"Ambush†). In September of 1993, the Clinton administration made a grave mistake. General Colin Montgomery, who led the elite soldiers, requested for heightened military reinforcements. The administration denied the requests since the administration did not want to make the US look like they were increasing forces when their main goal at that time was to lessen them. On October 3rd to the 4thRead MoreDefining Genocide: Jack Nusan Porter2983 Words   |  12 PagesJack Nusan Porter, an Ukrainian American sociologist defined the term genocide as follows: â€Å"Genocide is the deliberate destruction, in whole or in part, by a government or its agents, of a racial, sexual, religious, tribal or political minority. It can involve not only mass murder, but also starvation, forced deportation, and political, economic and biological subjugation. Genocide involves three major components: ideology, technology, and bureaucracy/organization.† I chose to use this definitionRead MoreWho Is Rwanda Th ing?2092 Words   |  9 PagesRwanda thing† The term â€Å"Genocide,† produced by combining geno-, from the Greek word for race or tribe, with -cide, derived from the Latin word for killing, was created by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin following the horrors of World War II. Although the term â€Å"genocide† itself may have only been in existence for the past seventy-one years, acts of genocide have been known to happen as early as the 13th century. At long last, the United Nations declared genocide as an international crime, layingRead MoreThe Effects Of Ignorance By Developed Nations On The Rwandan Genocide Essay3138 Words   |  13 PagesNATIONS ON THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE A Study in History, Lee Ann Yates, Advisor By Sheetal Chakka 00837-0097 13 August 2015 Sheetal Chakka Lee Ann Yates IB Extended Essay 13 August 2015 The Effect of Ignorance by Developed Nations on the Rwandan Genocide The year 1994. A poor, east African country. A fractured government entering a period of drastic turmoil. It was truly the perfect, ideal setting for the biggest genocide in history since that of World War II, the Rwandan Genocide. Much of theRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide4492 Words   |  18 Pages â€Å"Always Regret that Rwanda thing† The Rwandan Genocide, triggered by the murder of Rwandan President Habyarimana on April 9, 1994, was the fastest, if not most barbarous bloodbath in human history, and was carried out with little to no intervention or aid force from any of the many capable Western governments, such as the United States. Though these administration s may claim that they were unable to intervene due to lack of warning signs and insufficient information; those statementsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Leave None From The Rwanda Genocide By Allison Liebhafsky Desforges2000 Words   |  8 Pagesnever kept. The world experienced a number of conflicts that in total claimed more lives and violated more human rights than the World Wars. The Rwanda genocide was one of the worst of these conflicts that alone claimed the lives of half a million people, displaced many vulnerable families, created an increased number of refugees, and indirectly contributed to two successive multistate wars in the Republi c of Congo. ‘Leave none to tell the story: Genocide in Rwanda’ is a book written by Allison LiebhafskyRead MoreAn Analysis and Evaluation of the United Nations Peacekeeping Role in Rwanda2919 Words   |  12 Pagesv). Under the peacekeeping leadership of UN more than 800,000 people were killed in less than 100 days in 1994 (Shawcross 2000). This systematic killing remains a bitter memory for all who witnessed and survived it. Rwandans killed Rwandans, decimating the Tutsi population of the country and also targeting moderate Hutus. Lamentably the peacekeepers did not prevent the genocide, nor did they stop it once it started. This failure has left deep wounds within Rwandan societyRead MoreRonald Wilson Reag The Leaders Of The Free World From 1981- 20012524 Words   |  11 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, George H.W. Bush and William â€Å"Bill† Clinton were the leaders of the free world from 1981- 2001. Over the course of 2 decades these men had to solve several international and domestic issues while juggling personal issues, and the many other responsibilities of The President of the United States. Over the 20 years of reign by these Presidents, 8 years were ran under Democratic rule by Bill Clinton and 12 years were ran under Republican rule by George H.W. Bush and Ronald ReaganRead MoreGenocide in Rwanda Essay1910 Words   |  8 PagesGenocide is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, political, or cultural group†. In Rwanda for example, the Hutu-led government embraced a new program that called for the country’s Hutu people to murder anyone that was a Tutsi (Gourevitch, 6). This new policy of one ethnic group (Hutu) that was called upon to murder another ethnic group (Tutsi) occurred during April through June of 1994 and resulted in the genocide of approximately 800,000 innocent people that even includedRead MoreBill Clinton Were The Leaders Of The Free World From 1981- 20013779 Words   |à ‚  16 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, George H.W. Bush and William â€Å"Bill† Clinton were the leaders of the free world from 1981- 2001. Over the course of 2 decades these men had to solve several international and domestic issues while juggling personal issues, and the many other responsibilities of The President of the United States. Over the 20 years of reign by these Presidents, 8 years were ran under Democratic rule by Bill Clinton and 12 years were ran under Republican rule by George H.W. Bush and Ronald Reagan